Chapter
Introduction
porting events and changes are influenced by the economic, social and political situations in place at the time. In sociology there are a number of approaches to the study of sport.
Functionalism, Marxism, Social action and Interactionism. Each has a different view on society, the place of sport in society and hence the changes in sport over the centuries.
Medieval period (1200 - 1485)
- People had little time or energy for recreational activities
- Leisure time activities were originally confined to feast days
- Games were local in nature, each village having its own particular activities for feast days
- From time to time the government banned traditional activities in favour of archery training
Tudor and Stuart period (1485 - 1714)
- Traditional folk games and activities flourished in Tudor times
- Puritanism greatly reduced the opportunities to play and types of activity allowed
- After the restoration in 1660, traditional activities were revived
- Sport moved away from its former links with merrymaking and lawlessness
Hanoverian period (1714 - 1790)
- Play and sport were largely ignored by the government
- People of all classes enjoyed their leisure to the full
- Increasing industrialisation demanded regular working patterns
- There was some pressure for Sunday to be a day of rest
- Large gatherings for sport often meant social disorder
- Regular, organised, rule-governed sport on a national scale emerged
Changing times (1790 -1830)
- Traditional sport was under attack from all sides
- Factory owners wanted a regular working week
- Property owners feared the damage caused by large crowds
- Churches criticised idleness, drunkenness and slack morality
- Commercialisation of sport developed, especially in horse racing, cricket and prize fighting
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