Rosia Montana ("Rosia of the Mountains/in the Mountains"); is a commune of Alba County in the Apuseni Mountains of western Transylvania, Romania. It is located in the Valea Rosiei, through which the Rosia River flows. The commune is composed of sixteen villages.
The rich mineral resources of the area have been exploited since Roman times or before. The state-run gold mine was forced to close in late 2006 in advance of Romania's accession to the EU but Gabriel Resources of Canada want to replace it with a new mine. This has caused controversy over the destruction of Roman remains and on fears of a repeat of the cyanide pollution at Baia Mare.
2. History
There is archaeological and metallurgical evidence of gold mining in the 'Golden Quadrilateral' of Transylvania since the late Stone Age. Alburnus Maior was founded by the Romans during the rule of Trajan as a mining town, with Illyrian colonists from South Dalmatia. The earliest reference to the town is on a wax tablet dated 6 February 131. Archaeologists have discovered in the town ancient dwellings, necropolises, mine galleries, mining tools, 25 wax tablets and many inscriptions in Greek and Latin, centred around Carpeni Hill. The Romans left Dacia in 271.
Mining appears to have started again in the Middle Ages by German migrants using similar techniques to the Romans. This continued until the devastating wars of the mid-16th century.
THE WHARTON SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
Alison Mutler, Associated Press, "Transylvanian Town Atop Gold Mine," June 24, 2001
Jeremy Richard, "Rosia Montana Gold Controversy," Mining Environmental Management, January 2005, pp. 5-
Stefan Candea, Crji.org, "Romania's Gold, in an Adventurer's Hands," May 22, 2002
http://www.crji.org/news.php?id=29&l=2.
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