Lucrarea de fata, "Uniunea Europeana: centru de putere in economia globala" se concentreaza asupra problemelor din economia lumii, deoarece lumea se afla intr-o continua schimbare, noi trebuie sa fim informati despre situatia economiilor puterilor lumii. Am ales sa analizez aceasta tema atat din considerente personale dar si din perspectiva faptului ca in opinia mea Uniunea Europeana are un rol bine meritat pe planul politicii si economiei mondiale, iar faptul ca suntem cetateni europeni mi-a accentuat interesul in a cunoaste situatia Uniunii.
Din punctul meu de vedere, privind Uniunea Europeana din perspectiva economica si politica, putem sa ne formam o viziune de amsamblu asupra situatiei Uniunii in prezent si putem ajunge la o previzionare asupra viitorului acesteia, preconizand astfel, daca va avea succes sau nu, daca reusita acesteia este de moment sau de lunga durata.
Lucrarea este structurata pe 3 capitole:
Primul capitol intitulat "Uniunea Europeana ca un actor global" ne face o prima viziune despre UE ca actor pe scena globala, tot aici gasim informatii cu privire la relatiile cu celelalte state din afara Uniunii, organizatiile cu care aceasta lucreaza, descoperim daca pentru noile state membre integrarea a adus mai multe avantaje sau mai multe dezavantaje si locul uniunii in schimbarile ce au loc pe plan global.
Al doilea capitol intitulat "Uniunea Europeana in cadrul schimburilor comerciale internationale" ne arata domeniile in care este specializata Uniunea si rolul pe care il are aceasta in comertul mondial cu bunuri si servicii. Tot in acest capitol aflam informatii cu privire la comertul international in Uniunea Europeana (UE) si in cele 15 tari non-UE din grupul celor douazeci (G20) Acesta acopera statisticile comerciale cheie, comertul international cu bunuri si balanta de plati si ofera o perspectiva asupra economiei europene in comparatie cu economiile majore din restul lumii, in special cu omologii UE din asa-numitul Triad , SUA si Japonia, precum si cu tarile BRIC, adica: Brazilia, Rusia, India si China (sau BRICS in cazul in care Africa de Sud este de asemenea inclusa).
Al treilea capitol intitulat "Locul Uniunii Europene in cadrul G20" ne arata o comparatie a Uniunii cu alte puteri economice. Capitolul prezinta indicatori din diferite domenii, cum ar fi conturile nationale , finantele, precum si balanta de plati a Uniunea Europeana (UE) si a celor 15 tari non-UE de la Grupul celor douazeci (G20) si ofera o alta perspectiva asupra economiei europene in comparatie cu economiile majore din restul lumii, nivelul migratiilor din interiorul si din exteriorul Uniunii.
Cap 1. Uniunea Europeana ca un actor global
Chiar daca Uniunea Europeana nu este un stat, ea este un actor important pe plan international avand 27 de membri, aproximativ 500 de milioane de locuitori, detine un sfert din PIB-ul mondial precum si o gama completa de instrumente economice, juridice, diplomatice si militare. Ea este in masura sa exercite o influenta semnificativa in diferite parti ale lumii.
Normele si reglementarile Europene sunt adoptate progresiv de intreaga lume, dand astfel nastere la acuzatii ca UE practica un ,,Regulatory imperalism" , de exemplu, UE impune reglementari cu privire la pietele financiare, proprietatea intelectuala, hrana, sanatate, mediul inconjurator si justitie.
La nivel global, Uniunea Europeana este cea mai mare putere comerciala si este grupul cel mai implicat in furnizarea de sprijin financiar si tehnic pentru tarile mai sarace, care actioneaza in drepturile omului, probleme economice, sociale, si politice si relatiile externe ale tarilor membre.
Daca actorii mondiali ar adopta cadrele de reglementare Europeana in defavoarea celor ale SUA, acest lucru ar fi avantajos pentru companiile Europene, pentru ca acestea nu ar mai trebui sa isi modifice legislatia. In acelasi timp interesele Europene sunt compromise in cazul in care concurentii la nivel mondial sunt liberi sa profite de legile mai putin rigide in privinta muncii sau privind standardele de mediu, de asemenea aceasta fiind o problema intra-europeana. Prin efortul sau de reglementare UE nu incearca doar sa imbunatateasca competitivitatea intreprinderilor Europene, de asemenea incearca sa apere un set de pretentii sociale. Cu toate acestea in timp ce normele si reglementarile UE vizeaza anumiti actori globali, ele defapt sunt destinate sa protejeze si sa promoveze interesele sale. Oficialii UE declara deschis ca scopul politicii lor globale este promovarea intereselor europene si de a face ca Uniunea sa fie dinamica, competitiva, o societate bazata pe cunostinte, cum prevedea Tratatul de la Lisabona pentru dezvoltare, care, actualmente, a fost inlocuit de proiectul Europa 2020.
UE dispune de avantajul "know-how"-ului in stabilirea standardelor de reglementare care ii confera un avantaj clar in fata concurentilor. De exemplu, noile puteri economice din Asia au rate mari de crestere economica dar au putina experienta privind reglementarile. SUA are experienta vasta privind reglementarile, dar normele sale sunt specifice pentru propriul mediu si sunt mai putin aplicabile in exterior fata de cele ale UE care prin natura lor sunt intotdeauna interguvernamentale.
Relatia UE cu SUA este, probabil, cea mai profunda legatura bilaterala. Relatia a suferit in timpul administratiei presedintelui George W. Bush (2000-08), dar din punct de vedere al cooperarii transatlantice ramane cruciala si da semne de ameliorare sub administratia presedintelui Barack Obama, cu atat UE, cat si noua administratie americana sustin solutii multilaterale pentru problemele globale. Relatia transatlantica ramane importanta, dar, in ultimii ani, relatiile UE cu puterile emergente din Brazilia, Rusia, India si China (cunoscut sub acronimul "BRIC"), s-au mutat pe primul loc. Aceasta declanseaza scaderi relative ale SUA si Europa in fata noilor puterii economice si politice. Declinul nu este pur si simplu economic: razboaiele din Afganistan si Irak au contribuit la declinul politic, scaderea influenta Statelor Unite, in special, si, de asemenea, a UE. Actiunile unilaterale ale SUA, cu sprijinul aliatilor europeni, au avut, de asemenea, un impact daunator asupra relatiilor bilaterale ale UE cu China si Rusia, in special.
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