Timpurile verbale

The present tense

SimpleAff.

Neg.

Int.S + vb(prima forma)

S + don't/doesn't + vb(prima forma)

Do/Does + s + vb (prima forma

____________________

Ex:I always go to school every day.

The present tense

continousAff.

Neg.

Int.S + to be + vb-ing

S + to be (negativ) + vb-ing

To be + s + vb-ing

____________________

Ex:I am going to the school now.

The future tense

SimpleAff.

Neg.

Int.S + shall/will + vb(short inf)

S + shan't/won't + vb(sh.inf)

Shall/Will + S + vb(sh.inf.)Tomorrow, the day after tomorrow

next year , next month.

Ex: I will go to my parents next month.

The future tense

continousAff.

Neg.

Int.S + shall/will + be + vb-ing

S+shan't/willn't + be + vb-ing

Shall/will + S + be + vb-ingExprima o actiune viitoare in desfasurare intr-un viitor.

Ex: They will be watching T.V. this time in week-end.

The past tense

SimpleAff.

Neg.

Int.S + vb-ed(VB REGULATE)

S + vb(a doua coloana)

S + didn't + sh. Int)

Did + S + vb(sh.int)Exprima o actiune care s-a desfasurat si s-a incheiat intr-un moment trecut precizat (adv.timp):

the day befor yesterday, last year.

Ex: I played football last year.

The past tense

continousAff.

Neg.

Int.S + was/wer + vb-ing

S + wasn't/weren't + vb-ing

Was/Were + vb-ingExprima o actiune trecuta in desfasurare : ,,this time yesterday''

Arata doua actiuni in desfasurare simultan.

Ex: While my brother was plaing football , I was listening the radio.

The past perfect

tense simpleAff.

Neg.

Int.S + had + vb(a-3-a forma)/ed

S + hadn't + vb(a-3-a forma)/ed

Had + s + vb(a-3-a forma)Exprima o actiune care a avut loc si s-a petrecut inaintea unui alt timp trecut.

Ex:I had come home before my mother arrived from office.

The past perfect

tense continous

Aff.

Neg.

Int.S + had + been + vb-ing

S + hadn't + been + vb-ing

Had + s + been + vb-ingExprima o actiune care s-a desfasurat continuu pe o perioada de timp si s-a incheiat inaintea unui alt timp.

Ex:I had been writing a letter for 20 minutes.

The present perfect tense simple

Aff.

Neg.

Int.

S + have/has + vb(a-3-a forma)

S + haven't/hasn't + vb(a-3-a forma)/ed

Have/Has + s + vb(a-3-a forma)/ed1)Exprima o actiune ce a avut loc si s-a incheiat intr-un moment trecut care nu este precizat; rezultatele acestei actiuni se pot vedea in prezent.

2)Exprima o actiune care s-a incheiat recent.

3)Exprima o actiune trecuta care a avut loc intr-un moment trecut ce face parte dintr-o perioada de timp care nu s-a incheiat inca.

4)Se foloseste cu adverbele de frecventa : always , sometime offen

5)Exprima o actiune care tocmai s-a incheiat : - ,just''

6)in propozitiile interogative se foloseste adverbul ,,already"pentru a arata uimirea vorbitorului.

Ex: 1) People have polueted the planet. 2) I have just done my homework. 3)My parents have alwais enjoi to country.

The present perfect tense continous

Aff.

Neg.

Int.S + have/has + been + vb-ing

S + haven't/hasn't + been + vb-ing

Have/Has + s + been + vb-ingExprima o actiune care a inceput in trecut si continua in prezent.

Ex:The boys have been plaing football for ten minutes.

Direct Speech / Quoted Speech

Saying exactly what someone has said is called direct speech (sometimes called quoted speech)

Here what a person says appears within quotation marks (" ") and should be word for word.

For example:

She said, "Today's lesson is on presentations."

or

"Today's lesson is on presentations," she said.

Indirect Speech / Reported Speech

Indirect speech (sometimes called reported speech), doesn't use quotation marks to enclose what the person said and it doesn't have to be word for word.

When reporting speech the tense usually changes. This is because when we use reported speech, we are usually talking about a time in the past (because obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past). The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too.

For example:

Direct speechIndirect speech

"I'm going to the cinema", he said. He said he was going to the cinema.

Tense change

As a rule when you report something someone has said you go back a tense: (the tense on the left changes to the tense on the right):

Direct speech Indirect speech

Present simple

She said, "It's cold."- Past simple

She said it was cold.

Present continuous

She said, "I'm teaching English online." - Past continuous

She said she was teaching English online.

Present perfect simple

She said, "I've been on the web since 1999."- Past perfect simple

She said she had been on the web since 1999.

Present perfect continuous

She said, "I've been teaching English for seven years."- Past perfect continuous

She said she had been teaching English for seven years.

Past simple

She said, "I taught online yesterday."- Past perfect

She said she had taught online yesterday.